Law and Tech
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India’s Digital Public Infrastructure: From Platform Governance To Institutional Transformation
ABSTRACT The digital revolution in India has made Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) a critical tool in its governance reform journey. DPI is based on digitized and interconnected systems such as Aadhar, UPI, and data systems based on consent, which provide a pathway to deliver public services in a large and diversely inhabited country in a…
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From Legislative Promise to Regulatory Paradox: Why India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 Need Urgent Reform
On 14 November 2025, India took a definitive step in its digital governance journey with the notification of the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA). These Rules were intended to give practical meaning to the Act fleshing out how personal data should be processed, protected, retained,…
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The Digital Infrastructure and Environmental Law in India: An Unaddressed Area
On 10th of December 2025, Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft announced about the Microsoft investment of 17.5 billion dollar in India to build the digital infrastructure, this boom is continuous and because of the adoption of AI, cloud computing, and to preserve the data sovereignty which mandates that the data will be kept within the…
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Generative AI vs. Ad Bots: India’s Legal Blind Spot
The digital advertising ecosystem today uses sophisticated data analytics and AI to target consumers far more precisely than traditional one-way media. Platforms like Google and social networks collect demographics and behavior to tailor ads and measure ROI. However, this precision comes at a cost – automated “bots” now generate about half of all internet traffic.…
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Algorithmic Discrimination in India’s Legal System: Constitutional Challenges and Policy Reform
Artificial Intelligence is no longer confined to futuristic imagination as it is already transforming India’s legal system. The government has invested heavily, with Phase III of the eCourts Project receiving over seven thousand crores, a portion earmarked for AI and blockchain in High Courts.[i] The seriousness of this investment is clear. Under this project, AI…
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Accountability By Design: Shared Liability In AI Fraud Under Indian Cyber Law
Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming India’s digital economy, yet it simultaneously generates unprecedented risks of fraud through deepfakes, phishing bots, and algorithmic scams. The existing cyber law framework under Information Technology Act, 2000, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, provides partial remedies but fails to address liability attribution in…
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Algorithmic Bias And The Quest For Equal Justice In India
Artificial intelligence is also making inroads into India’s justice delivery system. Courts are looking at digital tools to help manage cases, predict outcomes, and even make decisions. The Supreme Court of India spearheaded projects such as SUPACE (Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Courts Efficiency) to aid judges in legal research and sorting precedents, and…
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Greening the Machines: The Environmental Footprint of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence popularly known as AI is the new thing in our world. The Trend, The Buzz Word, The new tag line for technological advancement. Generative AI has become the new social media trend. The internet is filled with AI generated literature, images and even AI generated songs. The latest “Studio Ghibli” trend is the…
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Regulatory Camouflage: How India’s Legislative Framework Enable Cyber Crime Against the Vulnerable
Abstract Contemporary legislative frameworks, which intend to provide safeguards but continue to be ineffective in addressing the contemporary threats, including deepfakes, biometric spoofing, and AI impersonation, even though there is the presence of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Act on DPDP, 2023. This Article examines how these frameworks fail to be effective and…
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Platonic Leaks, Tectonic Threats: Vec2Vec, A New Challenge To Data Pseudonymization
A recent paper by the Department of Computer Science of Cornell University introduces a novel unsupervised method, titled Vec2Vec, that allows embeddings from different models to be mapped with high similarities despite variations in their architecture, size, or training data. This article discusses how this development challenges present notions of consent and data pseudonymization in…